Project Delivery Methods
Construction projects encompass a wide range of endeavors, including infrastructure development like roads and railways, residential construction from single homes to large developments, and commercial projects such as office buildings and retail spaces. Vital public facilities like healthcare and education buildings are also prominent, alongside renovation projects aimed at preserving architectural heritage. These diverse undertakings contribute significantly to the country’s built environment, reflecting its varied landscape and societal needs.
Traditional Build
In the UK, the traditional method for construction projects involves a sequential process where the client takes on the burden of the project. This approach typically entails the client employing both an architect and an engineer to design the project, followed by the selection and employment of a construction company to carry out the build. The client manages the project themselves, overseeing each phase from design through to completion. This method provides the client with greater control and involvement throughout the project lifecycle. Additionally, by directly engaging with the architect, engineer, and construction company, the client can ensure that their specific requirements and vision are accurately realized in the final result. However, it also places the responsibility for coordinating between different parties and managing potential issues squarely on the shoulders of the client.
Design and Build
Similar to the international model, in traditional design-build projects in the UK, a single contractor, known as the design-build contractor or design-builder, is responsible for both the design and construction phases of the project. This contractor may have an in-house design team or subcontract design services to architects and engineers.
Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC)
While EPC contracts are more common in large-scale industrial projects in the UK, the principles can be applied to building construction as well. Under an EPC contract, the contractor handles engineering, procurement of materials and equipment, and construction. This often involves lump-sum contracts where the contractor bears the risk for cost overruns and delays.
Build Operate Transfer (BOT)
BOT models are less common in the UK construction industry but may be used for certain infrastructure projects. In a BOT arrangement, the contractor designs, builds, and operates the project for a defined period before transferring ownership to the client or a third party. This model is typically used for projects like toll roads, bridges, and utilities.
Public Private Partnership (PPP or P3)
PPP projects involve collaboration between public sector authorities and private sector entities for the design, construction, financing, and operation of public infrastructure. The private sector partner often assumes significant project risks in exchange for potential financial returns over the project’s lifecycle.
